Guidelines For Critical Book Review Writing

November 5, 2012 By

Guidelines For Critical Book Review Writing

There will always be a time that we are going to be given a task to write a critical book review. It can either be from school, from our editor or a part of our work. For us to write a good review of a book, we have to fist know about the steps and guidelines that we need to follow. This way, we will not have a difficulty in performing the task.

Written below are the ways and steps on how we are going to write our very own critical book review:

Of course, in order to give a review of a book, we first have to choose what book we are going to review. In some cases, the teacher will give suggest a book for us, but in most cases, we are the ones that has to choose for the book. Once you have one, you are going to study about its title. Write a comment about the title which the author has chosen. Is it appropriate for the book content? Is it relevant in accordance to the story? Write your comments. It doesn’t matter if it be negative or positive comments. When you are reviewing a book, you answer will be based upon your understanding of it. There is no correct or incorrect answer for this.

Next thing you need to do is to mention the genre of the book that the author used. This is easy to know if you read the whole of the book. The genres can either be romance, thriller, fantasy, science fiction and so on. Like stated, this is very easy to determine as long as you have read its content.

After that, comment on how the opening message went out. Was it a catchy beginning? Write down if it made you read the content of the book with such excitement after reading the opening message. If not, then state it there also. Next is the dialogue. We have to site if the dialogues that were used is appropriate for the story. Was it good? Does the author have chosen the proper choices of words for his characters? Evaluate all of those.

After that, say something about the plot of the story of the book. Tell about the theme that the writer used. Site if there were figures of speech that were used, and what kinds are they. Another is he types of speech that has been used. Was the story written persuasively, demonstratively, informative, etc. make sure you tell all about those.

Last thing you will be commenting is about the mechanics of the book. Were there any grammatical errors, or misspelled words? Also see if there are punctuations errors and so on. Those are all the guidelines in writing a critical book review.

Guidelines For Critical Book Review Writing

Guidelines For Critical Book Review Writing

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The Shocking Truth About Mesothelioma & Asbestos – Men in Big Danger by Not Following H&S Guidelines

September 21, 2012 By

The Shocking Truth About Mesothelioma & Asbestos – Men in Big Danger by Not Following H&S Guidelines

All he wanted was to earn more money for his family. To be able to provide a holiday abroad somewhere in the summer and be able to have extra money to do home improvements. He had heard that there was good money to be made in removing asbestos from old buildings. Yes he knew it was dangerous, but today in 2008 the health & safety equipment and training more than compensated for the risk involved.

High measures have been put in place for the specific training to remove asbestos and the protective safety clothing was fool-proof. There was no way anyone could be in danger of contracting mesothelioma, asbestos related lung cancer with all this in place. Or that is what he thought…

Stephen, my husband, went against my wishes and pleas not to go into the asbestos industry. He was adamant that it was 100% safe and it would bring in good money.

He paid to have a medical at the local hospital. He then paid to go onto the week intensive asbestos training course. He then paid for the health & safety equipment/protective clothing. Altogether he forked out £1,000 in preparation to go into the asbestos industry.

The Shocking Truth

Within his first week of working for Company X, he was shocked and appalled at what he was seeing. You see, one of the main components when removing asbestos is that you spray the asbestos with a water-based chemical. This in turn softens the millions of asbestos molecules and thus will not be released into the air and consequently inhaled by the operative while wearing the protective mask.

However, this is what he learned on his H&S training, but this was not being put into practice. What he saw, with this particular company, was that in order to save time and money they were not spraying the asbestos. This meant that when snapping the asbestos into pieces, the millions of asbestos molecules were flying all around within the atmosphere. Yes they were all wearing their protective masks with clean air-flow, but the masks were overwhelmed by the millions of asbestos making them worthless.

The dry asbestos was being breathed in by the men, into their full-headed cover masks and being inhaled right down into their lungs.

Needless to say that Stephen started looking for another job and within a few weeks he was out of the asbestos industry before it was too late for him.

Now I am not saying that all asbestos operatives do not follow the H&S guidelines, but this company certainly didn’t and I bet there are many more across the world who do the same. Just be aware of this one lapse of health & safety which could still lead you to contracting mesothelioma, asbestos related disease – even if you are wearing the full protective equipment.

Beware of one safety technique that is not being carried by some companies / operatives when removing asbestos. The lack of this one single technique is putting hundreds of men’s lives in danger of contracting mesothelioma, asbestos related lung cancer disease.

What you are about to read will probably shock and upset you. I know this first hand as my husband briefly worked in the asbestos removal industry. What he saw socked him and he consequently quit working with asbestos because he wants to see his two young boys grow up.

Some Background Information

The Shocking Truth About Mesothelioma & Asbestos – Men in Big Danger by Not Following H&S Guidelines

The Shocking Truth About Mesothelioma & Asbestos - Men in Big Danger by Not Following H&S Guidelines

If this worries you, then read further information on Claire’s Mesothelioma & Asbestos [http://www.guideitcom.com/mesothelioma] website where incidents like this are addressed and talked about. Visit [http://www.guideitcom.com/mesothelioma/]

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Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Guidelines

September 21, 2012 By

Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Guidelines

While there’s no simple equation that would allow borrowers in Hawaii to figure out whether or not bankruptcy protection would be a proper fit for their own family, any consumer who finds him or herself struggling to afford the minimum monthly payments from their credit cards should at the least see what other options are available. For that matter, Hawaiian debtors who have looked at their assembled bills with a realistic and clear eyed appraisal only to discover that their household capacity for gross income in the next few years put against the family cost of living expenses and utility obligations would not allow for the elimination of the total debt load must seek out the professional services now available throughout the islands. While your authors appreciate that many of the hard working men and women of Hawaii will do everything possible to pay back the loans that they have lawfully taken out in good times and bad, waiting until the last moment in the vain hopes of some mystical deliverance from crushing financial burdens will only end in heart ache and household economic instability. Like it or not, consumer credit is a fact of life in Hawaii and most everywhere across the United States, and that is why America first initiated bankruptcy protection: to offer borrowers a fresh start. Unfortunately, Chapter 7 debt elimination bankruptcy no longer provides the same guarantees following the congressional legislation and subsequent alterations of the bankruptcy code that occurred in the fall of 2005, and many of the borrowers that fought until their last breath to right their household budget without employing high priced debt professionals only to inevitably decide upon bankruptcy protection as what they believed to be their final alternative came to find out far too late in the debt relief game that there were far more effective programs at hand. Within this article, we will explain a bit more about what personal bankruptcy protection now means to the Hawaiian borrower and what options may provide a less disastrous solution to spiraling financial obligations.

As most Hawaiian residents already know, a good portion of the average citizen’s debts would not be able to be affected by governmental bankruptcy protection. Alimony and child support and other familial debts are – and, we would agree, should be – essentially removed from all bankruptcy actions, and the same could be said for tax liens and penalties that came about as the consequence of criminal proceedings. Cash advances above eight hundred dollars that were taken out less than three months from the moment that the borrower files his or her papers run the risk of being considered fraudulent by the Hawaiian courts. Purchases of luxury goods above five hundred dollars that were taken out less than ten weeks before the time of filing face similar risks, but, obviously, there’s a good deal more leniency given the right bankruptcy attorney. Student loans, though they would seem superficially to be the same as medical bills or credit card accounts or any other unsecured debt burdens, are similarly rendered immune to bankruptcy protection after a congressional dictum from the mid 1990 (at a time when, according to some studies, a majority of the United States representatives had defaulted upon at least some portion of their own educational loans), but they tend to feature the lowest interest rates and easiest tax deductions this side of home mortgages upon primary residences. Those mortgage loans – as well as vehicle loans or any other secured debt – must be formally reaffirmed before a Chapter 7 bankruptcy could proceed (the reaffirmation meetings are generally held over the phone and should largely be considered a formality), and, in the event of a Chapter 13 debt restructure program, they may be forcibly refinanced to indulge easier payments and preclude foreclosure and forbearance which, given the sad state of Hawaii real estate during our national economic crisis, has become an all too real threat for citizens throughout our state.

Chapter 7 debt elimination bankruptcy is the oldest of all of the American bankruptcy protections, and it is still the only sort of bankruptcy that a surprisingly large portion of Hawaiians genuinely recognize. By this point in modern society, with the proliferation of credit so wide spread, there are a number of different programs meant to specifically protect everyone from family fishermen to actual cities and municipally controlled utilities, but the Chapter 7 system remains the emblem of what most people think of to be bankruptcy. Within the Chapter 7 debt liquidation program, individual consumers or married couples ask a trustee randomly selected by the Hawaiian courts to discharge all of their unsecured debts after a period of analysis that generally lasts about six months: with the recent boom in personal bankruptcies following the down turn of the Hawaiian and greater American economy, the time period may take a bit longer. Of course, nothing comes for free, and the consequences of Chapter 7 debt elimination could actually put the filer’s household in a worse situation than was previously felt. The negative repercussions of bankruptcy shall remain on the borrowers’ credit reports for up to ten years and – despite the sudden eradication of their unsecured burdens – could actively prevent the parties who are declaring Chapter 7 from home mortgages, vehicle loans, and even employment opportunities and security clearances. Much as the Chapter 7 bankruptcy alternative could erase past mistakes and forgive those debts helplessly drawn after familial tragedy, one should not necessarily think of the program as the fresh start our grandparents may have enjoyed. Credit reports are simply too important for ordinary Hawaiian consumers to disregard, and the FICO scores issued by the three primary credit bureaus (Equifax, TRW, and TransUnion) have a disproportionate effect upon Hawaiian families that some times barely understand the calculations involved.

To be sure, for some borrowers in Hawaii who have weathered lingering bouts of unemployment and have few to none assets worth preserving, Chapter 7 bankruptcies do still serve a purpose. Unfortunately, after recent legislation, the perennial guarantee of Chapter 7 bankruptcy protection and the eternal promise of household rebirth following bankruptcy no longer applies to every resident of Hawaii. As of October 17, 2005, several changes were made to the United States bankruptcy code under the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act. This bill – propelled by creditor funded political action groups and sped through the U. S. Congress during a period of economic expansion with a shameful absence of media news coverage and analysis – utterly changed the parameters and liberties formerly to be considered the birthright of every Hawaiian. After the passage of BAPCA, the amount of documentation required for filing increased greatly along side the potential penalties should interested borrowers simply forget to record an essentially worthless asset or trifling bit of income. The exponentially larger penalties for fraud (or, at least, what the new federal bankruptcy code defines as fraud) were set into law just as the amount of latitude granted the Hawaii court trustee who would actually look over the debtor’s individual case was severely weakened. This heightened threat from the court system and the greater complexity of the paperwork involved with each sort of bankruptcy protection virtually demands the aid of reputable bankruptcy attorneys who have had a good deal of familiarity with both Hawaiian statutes and the national bankruptcy code.

Tragically, as the country’s economy continues to falter and more and more Hawaiian consumers beset by out of control debt feel (for right or wrong) that they have no recourse left but bankruptcy protection, the services of experienced law firms have grown harder for every Hawaiian borrower to employ and the fees that such firms feel acceptable to request have developed accordingly. Along with the administrative charges that each Hawaiian consumer will have to pay through money orders when filing their bankruptcy petition with their local county clerk, the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act now necessitates that every borrower who intends to take advantage of Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy programs will be forced to take a course on debt management before declaration and again before balance discharge. Not only do these costs – above and beyond the sweat equity uselessly demanded of consumers likely already strapped for time; this is particularly true for Hawaiian residents who do not live within a reasonable distance from one of the handful of course counselors certified by the federal government – may already preclude many of Hawaii’s most disadvantaged citizens from employing the bankruptcy protection they so sorely need.

More troubling, following the 2005 passage of BAPCA, Chapter 7 protection became far more difficult for ordinary borrowers with a solid work history to enter and considerably more threatening for those Hawaiian consumers that successfully argue for Chapter 7 eligibility to endure. The United States bankruptcy code currently insists that any borrower formally residing in Hawaii must earn less than the median income of every head of household in the state as determined by the most recent census figures. This means that single wage earners who have a demonstrable gross income above forty seven thousand (sixty thousand for a Hawaiian household with two members; seventy thousand for a household with three members; eighty five thousand for a household with four members) in the year prior to filing for bankruptcy will find it very difficult to eliminate their collected debts through Chapter 7 protection no matter how great their burdens. If the borrower does find that they still make more than the median earnings of Hawaiian residents, there’s a slim chance that they could still convince the court trustee that (once all monthly utility bills, household expenses, and secured credit accounts are taken into consideration) they would be less than able to come up with one hundred dollars every month for a period of five years – six thousand dollars all told – and they may then be allowed Chapter 7 debt elimination. This “means test” has become far more arduous, though, since the Internal Revenue Service has outlined the costs of living for Hawaiian households with, once again, virtually no wiggle room allowed the Hawaii judge actually studying the borrowers’ financial budget, and, as consumers should presume, the IRS estimates are comically low compared to the realities of many debtor families who happen to live in the more expensive areas of Honolulu or Maui or other premium sites in Hawaii.

Even for those supposedly fortunate Hawaiian consumers that manage to pass through the ever tighter gates toward Chapter 7 debt elimination, there will still be unintended consequences as a result. In the years before the BAPCA legislation was passed, debtors in Hawaii who held significant assets knew that their most high priced possessions could potentially be seized for auction by agents of the Hawaii courts. However, average consumers – since they would only need to list their personals goods by the potential resale value – did not have much to worry about. Nowadays, as yet one more aspect of the damage to the United States bankruptcy code following the 2005 legislation which every Hawaiian consumer thinking about the Chapter 7 program must recognize, borrowers have to compile an exhaustive register of virtually every thing that they own because the items will be valued according to their potential replacement costs. Hawaiians declaring bankruptcy protection are a bit more fortunate on this point when compared to their countrymen. Local statutes designed by the Hawaiian legislature offer a different slate of exemptions with which borrowers can attempt to safe guard their most prized objects. There are still no guarantees for many household furnishings as well as family heirlooms or similarly important objects, but, compared to the minimal exemptions guaranteed by the federal government, they should be considered highly desirable indeed.

Under the Hawaiian homestead exemption, any real property of one acre or less should not be worried over unless there’s a great deal of equity (the precise amount protected will depend upon the borrower’s age), and the household furnishings – which for the Hawaiian statutes shall encompass everything from coffee machines to books and record albums to clothing and jewelry – are protected up to one thousand dollars in total; married couples should double this and most other Hawaiian exemptions. The exemptions also cover a single automobile with a blue book value of less than twenty five hundred, family burial plots along with associated structures (grave stones, monuments, etc), and the filers’ so called tools of trade: physical implements, uniform, commercial library, and vehicles such as cars and boats that could be proven to be necessary for the borrowers’ employment. Workman’s comp, disability payments, unemployment benefits, certain types of retirement plans, life and health insurance takings, and any wages earned but not yet collected by Hawaiian borrowers shall also be taken care of. Once again, when set aside the puny exemptions that have been erected by the national government, Hawaiian debtors thinking about Chapter 7 debt elimination bankruptcy are remarkably fortunate, but, when the family must decide whether to protect their couch or their wedding ring, that may seem to be cold comfort.

The bankruptcy protections that generations of Hawaiian families have depended upon have changed, utterly, and borrowers concerned about their debts should not walk blindly into bankruptcy declarations (or, for that matter, pay the extravagant sums requested by reputable bankruptcy attorneys licensed in Hawaii) without a journey of discovery that takes into account all of the various debt relief alternatives blossoming in the absence of effective bankruptcy solutions. Despite their advertisement fueled popularity around an irritatingly large percentage of Hawaiian residents, Consumer Credit Counseling companies have fallen under suspicion now that most borrowers understand that the approach has been virtually subsidized by the credit card companies for years. Beyond anything else, Consumer Credit Counseling notations look rather worse than even bankruptcy upon credit reports and FICO scores while the system charges borrowers up to four figures for little more than a temporary drop in interest rates. Also, the Consumer Credit Counseling method has the same essential flaw as secured debt consolidation loans – artificially lowering payments by extending the terms of the obligation only means that compound interest (even a relatively low rate of interest) has more time to raise balances – although consolidating consumer debt at the expense of home equity has potentially far more dangerous consequences for home owners: particularly given the current real estate value free fall.

For the right sort of borrower, any of these debt management alternatives (even Chapter 7 bankruptcy protection, weakened as the current program may be) could actually seem like a reasonable maneuver, but, when we have talked to the consumers around Hawaii that have found the most success in their attempts to liquidate unsecured debt loads, the approach that comes up time and again is debt settlement negotiations. Under the debt settlement plan, trained and certified debt analysts speak on the borrower’s behalf with credit card representatives and – through a combination of threats (since bankruptcy and the potential liquidation of all unsecured loans always remains a possibility for Hawaiian borrowers) and promises (most debt settlement companies with the best track records ensure that their clients pay back the remaining balances in less than five years) – the debt settlement negotiator will cut their clients’ debt load by as much as sixty percent. The debt settlement strategy comes with its own costs, of course, and nothing looks quite as good on a credit report as paying back the loans in a traditional manner. For that matter, since not all lenders are equally amenable to the settlement option and since many of the borrowers would sadly be unable to repay even a fraction of their collected credit card bills in a timely fashion, many Hawaiian consumers would not even be accepted into the settlement program. However, given the problems with bankruptcy that we have illustrated earlier in this article, any Hawaiian borrower worried about their bills should certainly take the time to examine the alternatives. Unlike the time spent meeting up with bankruptcy attorneys, there will be generally little if any money requested from the settlement professionals for an initial consultation, and many of our Hawaiian correspondents reported great success even from internet companies that better suited their distant location or harried schedule. The settlement solution isn’t for every Hawaiian debtor, it will not offer the fresh start Chapter 7 bankruptcy once promised, but, presuming borrowers have examined all of the alternatives, it should be well worth the time to take a look.

Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Guidelines

Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Guidelines

For more information on this topic or if you are in immediate need of debt relief or debt settlement, please visit http://www.TotalDebtRelief.net

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Guidelines and Tips to Form a LLC

September 13, 2012 By

Guidelines and Tips to Form a LLC

As a small business owner you will want to form a legal entity structure to obtain limited liability protection. A popular way to obtain limited liability protection is to form a LLC to protect your personal assets from creditors, debtors, and legal claims. One of the foremost reasons for you to form an LLC is the benefit of having limited liability protection. Limited liability protection is afforded to all members of an LLC. An LLC should be operated with a complete separation of personal and business assets. One advantage of forming an LLC is that of pass through taxation status, or income flowing through the entity to the members or owners. In order to maintain the privilege of limited liability protection, the company must adhere to all local, federal, and state laws. The company must also do everything that is required to maintain a good corporate status, pay all required taxes, and file all necessary paperwork.

Before you decide if filing an LLC is right for your specific situation, you will need to learn about some of the advantages, risks, and requirements that will affect you and your business. Here are some of the advantages of forming an LLC.

Advantages of Forming an LLC

Only 1 member of a business is required to form LLC

LLC can be taxed similar to sole-proprietorship, partnership, or corporation (IRS form 8832)

LLC can have more than 75 members

Nonresidents of US can be members of LLC

Pass thru taxation for LLC similar to sole-proprietorship or partnership

A Corporation can be the owner of an LLC


Should you Form an LLC to write off business expenses?

When deciding to form a LLC you will need to look at all of the options that are available to you. First is the understanding that all businesses, whether they are corporations, LLCs, sole-proprietorships, or partnerships can deduct their business expenses. You do not need to form an entity to have the benefit of deducting your expenses. Having the status of LLC or Corporation may limit your exposure to audit, but it does not provide more tax deductions compared to a sole proprietorship. For example, a sole proprietorship can deduct any legitimate business expense; such as cell phone, car miles, gas used for business travel, plane fare for business travel, etc. Check with your CPA to confirm that this is true for your specific situation.

With either a LLC or an S Corporation, all of the business profits and losses will pass-thru to the owners of the business each year. When you file your personal taxes, your accountant should provide you with a K1 for your business and include the profit or loss statement within your personal income tax return. This is different from that of a c corporation because a c corporation exists as a legal and separate entity from its shareholders. The officers & directors are responsible for taxes, not the shareholders. The c-corporation is responsible for writing the government a check for all of the profits earned within the tax year. The shareholders would include on their tax returns any dividends or salary received from the business in the year, and not the specific income earned by the business.

Requirements for Forming L.L.C.

There are many requirements for filing an LLC and some of them are:

LLC must have at least 1 member

LLC must maintain an operating agreement. An operating agreement is commonly considered a roadmap for your business. It will give the members, or owners, direction detailing how to handle specific situations for the business.

Articles of Organization must be filed with your Secretary of States Corporation Bureau. Most Secretary of States web sites provide detailed instructions on how to file, where to file, how much to pay, and the annual requirements if any. For example, the State of California requires all LLCs to file an annual Statement of Information detailing the members of the entity. This form is also required for corporations.

Seems pretty easy doesn’t it? Well setting up the LLC generally is easy, especially if you are planning to operate a single or two members LLC. The more complex your business plan, the more complex both the operating agreement and articles will become. If you are planning on setting up a business as an LLC with members whom you do not know, you should consider consulting with an attorney to protect your rights. There are many examples of businesses that don’t succeed, and examples of businesses that have management issues and differing opinions between members. Protect your interest by investing the additional time and money and ensure that you have protected your assets. An attorney will be able to guide you and alert you to any pitfalls that may occur. There are many service companies available and this may be a good route for you if you are planning on setting up a single member or multi member LLC. Before you file, do your homework and make sure that you can trust your partners and that you have the proper articles and operating agreement in place.

How to Form an LLC and pay less in taxes

As mentioned earlier, you can form a LLC by self-filing your articles, pay a service provider, consult an attorney, or even talk to your accountant. No matter which filing method you prefer or even choose, you must think of your LLC from a tax perspective. Once you have decided that an L.L.C. or corporation is right for you, the major determining factor should be to reduce your overall taxes. Each state will have different tax requirements and tax rates so check with your accountant and ask which is best for you. Some articles or web sites will claim that one is better than the other, but its outside of the scope of an article to make this claim.

Many States now offer online filing methods for starting your LLC. Filing online in many states is easy and takes only a few minutes. You will need to have a major credit card or debit card to complete the process of setting up your LLC. Once you place your order online, the state will review it and typically respond within 1-5 business days.

First, you will need to check for name availability. This process is typically easy as most states offer web sites to check for available names. You can use the freely provided tools to look for available names within your state.

Next, you will want to follow state requirements that can be found on Secretary of State web sites. Visit the state web site to find a sample and make sure that you follow the article requirements or your documents will be returned for correction. In states like California and New York, returned documents can waste valuable time.

Operating Agreement for LLC

You should view your operating agreement as a roadmap for your LLC and a guide to handle the tough questions. The purpose of having a well-detailed operating agreement is to define how the members and more importantly the business should react to specific situations. An operating agreement is required for all LLCs regardless of state. An operating agreement adds less value for a 1 member LLC because there is no likelihood of disagreement between the members. However, if you have 50 members in an LLC, it will be very important to clearly detail an operating agreement. A well written operating agreement will serve as a guideline for resolving many difficult situations. If your operating agreement doesn’t specify what to do in a particular situation you may want to call a special meeting of the members to amend the operating agreement.

What if it doesn’t work out? You can Dissolve your LLC

An LLC, like a corporation, can exist in perpetuity, or not have an ending date. An LLC can also be setup with an end date for dissolution. If you want to dissolve your LLC you may end up having your business audited by the IRS. It is a fact that many businesses get audited when they dissolve, so choose to start and close your business wisely. Always check with your accountant before dissolving a business.

In some situations, dissolving an LLC can be quite easy to do, and it is completed in most states by filing a simple form notifying the state of the intention to dissolve.

Is Forming an LLC right for you?

Forming an LLC is easy and while you can do it yourself, you may be better off seeking professional assistance when setting up your business. In some situations you will need the assistance of an attorney, accountant or both. Hopefully after reading this you have a better idea about the requirements and some of the potential pitfalls of setting up and running your own LLC. While this article is not meant to have all of the answers, it will hopefully give you a good basis for moving forward with the formation of your new LLC.

Guidelines and Tips to Form a LLC

Guidelines and Tips to Form a LLC

Form LLC

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Electronic Data Discovery Guidelines

September 5, 2012 By

Electronic Data Discovery Guidelines

Electronic discovery is the retrieval of data in the electronic format. These days, information is being increasingly created, stored and transferred in the electronic form. Computers, hard disks, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks and tapes are some of the most commonly used storage devices. Data can be transferred from one location to another via electronic, voice or video mails through the Internet. All this has made the data more vulnerable.

Electronic data can be protected to a certain extent, but is also susceptible to being altered or erased by anyone. This erased or altered data is not completely gone from the system, but can be retrieved using special software tools. The process of recovering useful information from vast amounts of data is known as data discovery. Data discovery has become an important tool in lawsuits today.

There are certain guidelines relating to electronic data discovery. Some of them are:

1) counsel should become knowledgeable about their clients’ information management systems and their operation, including how information is stored and retrieved. In addition, counsel should make a reasonable attempt to review their clients’ electronic information files to ascertain their contents, including archival, backup, and legacy data (outdated formats or media);

2) To determine what information must be disclosed pursuant to this rule, counsel shall review with their clients the clients’ electronic information files, including current files as well as back-up, archival, and legacy computer files, to determine what information may be used to support claims or defenses (unless used solely for impeachment). If disclosures of electronic information are being made, counsel shall also identify those individuals with knowledge of their clients’ electronic information systems who can facilitate the location and identification of discoverable electronic information;

3) A party seeking discovery of computer-based information shall notify the opposing party of that fact immediately, and shall identify as clearly as possible the categories of information that may be sought;

4) the parties shall confer regarding the following matters: computer-based information in general, e-mail information, deleted information, back-up and archival data, format and media, costs and privileged material. Guidelines may differ from country to country and from state to state.

Electronic Data Discovery Guidelines

Electronic Data Discovery Guidelines

Electronic Discovery provides detailed information on Electronic Discovery, Electronic Evidence Discovery, Electronic Data Discovery, Electronic Discovery Software and more. Electronic Discovery is affiliated with Electronic Component Distributors [http://www.e-ElectronicComponents.com].

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FTC Guidelines and Internet Marketing Law

September 2, 2012 By

FTC Guidelines and Internet Marketing Law

FTC Guidelines concerning Internet Marketing from an Arizona Internet Lawyer

Lately there have been many questions from our clients in the internet marketing and blogging industry about the new Federal Trade Commission Guidelines. Specifically, whether an affiliate marketer or blogger must disclose certain information on their web page, and if so how the disclaimer must be presented. This article will highlight several portions of the new guidelines and offer a framework for clients in how to disclose certain information on their websites.

In a nutshell, these questions revolve around the new FTC Guidelines that are geared at stopping false and misleading advertising, for example the Acai Berry “New Diet Pill Helps you Lose 50 pounds in 4 weeks” ads. Armed with the new guidelines, the FTC came down hard on the makers and affiliates of Acai Berry, in addition to other weight loss supplements for questionable advertising practices such as:

“WARNING! AcaiPure Is Fast Weight Loss That Works. It Was Not Created For Those People Who Only Want To Lose A Few Measly Pounds. AcaiPure was created to help you achieve the incredible body you have always wanted…USE WITH CAUTION! Major weight loss in short periods of time may occur.”

In addition to the false advertising, the FTC was concerned with the “rebills” that were occurring on customers’ accounts. According to the FTC Guidelines regarding Blogging, a disclaimer or disclosure must be made if there is a “sponsored communication”. The examples of what is considered to be a “sponsored communication” is lengthy and cannot be summarized in one article. The FTC Guidelines did, however, provide for a few key points to remember:

- Only “material connections” must be disclosed.

- Connections are material if the reviewer received some consideration for the review (e.g., cash, merchandise, etc.).

- Guidelines impose liability on: (1) advertisers, (2) advertising agencies, and (3) endorsers (including celebrity endorsers).

- The “results may vary” safe harbor is gone – advertisers are responsible for the claims made by endorsers.

Do I need a disclaimer or disclosure on my Blog?

For those that are affiliate marketers, paid bloggers, or receiving compensation for advertising then you should place a disclaimer on your website. Some may be able to get away with a disclaimer on the page regarding the advertisements, i.e. that you are getting paid. The guidelines merely say the disclaimer must be placed “clearly and conspicuously”, which is really a common sense approach. Nor do you want to go overboard and have an entire page dedicated to the disclaimer, following by a small link at the bottom to your product. Thus, each post should have a disclaimer regarding the material relationship. Even more surprising to some is the fact that the FTC Guidelines apply to advertisements on twitter. If the results of the product or service being advertised in the advertisement are not typical, it must say so in the advertisement. In addition, bloggers and other word of mouth marketers must reveal any material connections between themselves and advertisers so as to not mislead consumers. When looking at a violation of these guidelines the FTC will view each case with a “totality of the circumstances” approach, meaning they will look at the product being advertised, the claim being made, and the disclaimer provided and whether a “reasonable consumer” would be able to know that there is a connection between the affiliate and the advertiser. In other words, be careful and remember the truth hurts…but not as bad as the FTC knocking at your door.

FTC Guidelines and Internet Marketing Law

FTC Guidelines and Internet Marketing Law

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Upholstery Cleaning Tips And Guidelines

August 12, 2012 By

Upholstery Cleaning Tips And Guidelines

Furniture can be very expensive – especially if it’s upholstered. If you have a chair, loveseat or sofa that’s dirty, don’t just resign yourself to buying a slipcover to hide all the stains. By cleaning the upholstery carefully and with the proper techniques, you can keep your upholstered furniture looking brand new. Read on for upholstery cleaning tips and guidelines.

You want your home to always look its cleanest, but that can seem like an insurmountable task when family and friends are constantly spilling food and drinks on the sofa, putting their dirty shoes on your ottoman, or wearing-and-tearing your loveseat. It isn’t impossible to keep your upholstered furniture clean between professional carpet cleanings, however.

Check the Fabric

The first step in cleaning any furniture (or any carpet or piece of clothing) is to check what kind of fabric it’s made from. If it’s made from a synthetic fabric such as polyester, nylon, or acrylic, it should be safe to clean. However, if the fabric is a natural fabric or synthetic/natural blend, such as poly/cotton, you will want to do a spot test first. This means testing a small hidden patch of the fabric first (such as the backside of a cushion) to ensure whatever type of cleaning product or technique you will be using doesn’t bleach, smear, or ruin the fabric. If the fabric of your furniture is made of more than 50% cotton, professional upholstery cleaning may be your best bet – especially if you are dealing with an especially large stain or all-over filth.

Act Fast

The easiest stains to clean are those that are treated while they are still fresh, so it’s important to act fast when cleaning your upholstery. The longer you leave a stain to sit, the harder it will be to remove. Remember that moisture is not your friend when cleaning carpet or upholstery, so use as little water or cleaner as possible for the best results. Baby wipes or sanitary wipes are often the best tool for cleaning stains because they offer just the right amount of water and soap and evaporate quickly.

Vacuum Regularly

As much as you might hate vacuuming, it’s important to vacuum the cushions and backs of your furniture on a regular basis. Use a soft brush that’s safe for use on fabrics to remove loose soil; your vacuum cleaner may also come with special upholstery attachments that make it easy to reach small corners and creases in furniture. Vacuuming regularly will reduce overall grime and soiling of your upholstered furniture and is especially beneficial if you have animals or someone in your household has allergies.

Oil and Grease Stains

You may be saying you don’t have oil or grease stains, but check again. Your monthly movie night may be leaving greasy butter stains all over your furniture. For oil and grease stains sprinkle salt, baby powder, or cornstarch on the spot as soon as you discover the stain, and rub it in carefully to absorb as much of the grease as possible. Once dry, brush off the grease and powder (into a dustpan) and wipe with a damp cloth.

Ink Stains

We’ve all had a pen in our pockets burst or mark the sofa or chair we’re sitting on, but how do you remove the ink? Spray hairspray onto a clean towel and dab at the stain. Dry and next blot the stain with a towel dipped in rubbing alcohol. Next dry and apply acetone or nail polish remover with another clean towel. If the stain still remains, blot it with a clean towel and spirits of turpentine.

There are many other kinds of stains obviously, but grease and ink stains are the hardest to remove. Just remember the key with cleaning upholstered furniture is choosing the appropriate type of cleaning method. For example, cleaning a store-bought chair from 2005 is much different than cleaning a hand-embroidered antique sofa. Always check the fabric, and if you have any doubts about cleaning a particular piece of furniture, don’t hesitate to call your local carpet cleaning company.

Upholstery Cleaning Tips And Guidelines

Upholstery Cleaning Tips And Guidelines

Oxi Fresh Carpet Cleaning of Houston is one of the leading Houston carpet cleaners on the market today. Their innovative products and technology continue to set the standard, making them a very popular for upholstery cleaning and carpet cleaning in Houston.

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How Are Green Guidelines Impacting on Commercial Construction?

August 6, 2012 By

How Are Green Guidelines Impacting on Commercial Construction?

Green construction isn’t all that different from regular construction. Both need to be carefully planned out and both need skilled labor to be brought into the picture. The difference is that traditional construction doesn’t take the well-being of the environment into account nearly as much as green construction does. A building with certain green guidelines will even see construction of mechanisms whose sole purpose is to greatly reduce the overall impact the building has on the environment. Traditional construction often doesn’t have any such additional mechanisms.

Some construction that follows green guidelines merely involves using the most efficient equipment possible. Take central air conditioning as an example, which is a modern convenience most people cannot live without. Older units aren’t nearly as efficient as some of the units available on the market today. Admittedly, a building can still be fitted with a less than efficient unit. Green guidelines, though, would most likely stipulate that the building be equipped with an efficient Energy Star compliant unit. Extra care will also be taken to make sure that heat doesn’t leak out or into the building. A unit working overtime to keep a building at a desired temperature would defeat the whole purpose of getting an efficient unit in the first place. The best way to make sure heat doesn’t easily escape from or enter into the system is to make sure the building is sealed and the ducts don’t leak, which is best accounted for during construction.

Other guidelines might be a lot more proactive when it comes to having a minimal impact on the environment. They can also involve the construction process itself. It seems obvious that any green guidelines worth their salt will call for reducing generated waste. To accomplish this, it may call for reduced usage of materials and energy during the construction of the building. Essentially all construction materials end up producing some sort of waste by-product. Therefore, the less materials that are required for the building, the better. Unfortunately, there will still be waste that will need to be disposed of. Instead of sending it to the landfill as is, green guidelines could call for it to be compacted as much as possible so it will have a smaller footprint.

Water conservation is a big part of going green. It involves using less water to accomplish the same tasks, such as reducing water usage for each toilet flush and having faucets that cannot accidentally be left on. But what about the waste-water that is inevitably created? It is often sent a centralized waste-water treatment system. Unfortunately, such a system tends to be both expensive and energy hungry. Green guidelines could call for converting this waste into fertilizer instead. This kind of fertilizer would require less energy to create and have less of an environmental impact than artificial fertilizers, not to mention the energy required for waste-water treatment would not be needed any longer.

The technology is in place today to allow buildings to get a large part of their energy from renewable and clean sources. Green guidelines could potentially stipulate that a building provide a certain percentage of its energy from wind or solar power sources. The infrastructure for such energy delivery would have to be put in place during the early stages of construction, while the finishing touches could be left for later. Nevertheless, both solar and wind forms of energy are environmentally friendly and can alleviate some of the burden that the electrical grid carries.

Green guidelines are about trying to save energy and resources, with the ultimate goal of saving the environment. Towards that end, every little bit helps and that’s why careful consideration needs to be given to following appropriate guidelines.

How Are Green Guidelines Impacting on Commercial Construction?

How Are Green Guidelines Impacting on Commercial Construction?

Sam D Goddard writes for Construction Chemicals UK Ltd, who are experts in their field – from basement conversions for the serious renovator to DIY timber treatment products for protecting your home from insects and mold.

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Seven Guidelines to Use Humor in Sensitive Situations

July 30, 2012 By

Seven Guidelines to Use Humor in Sensitive Situations

“A sense of humor can help you overlook the unattractive, tolerate the unpleasant, cope with the unexpected, and smile through the unbearable,” says Reb Moshe Waldoks.

It is well documented that humor served to be a life line for numerous Holocaust survivors. The tradition continues. Waldoks, one of North America’s leading teachers of Jewish cultural, spiritual and ritual renewal, has co-edited 2 humor books, and was featured in a 1994 documentary about children of Holocaust survivors involved in humor.

Other sensitive situations, such as loss, crisis, illness, death, disaster, or disability also benefit from the proper use of humor. Not knowing how to respond to this type of humor can elevate the already high levels of stress and tension surrounding these circumstances. Inappropriate humor can be hurtful and isolate, which is opposite of the true intent.

Here are seven guidelines for the effective use of humor in sensitive situations:

#1) Understand that humor comes with a pecking order. It is the person who is adversely affected who sets the tone and grants permission for humor.

#2) It is generally acceptable for those who are close to the person, and have shared in their experience to join in and poke fun at the situation. Those who aren’t …shouldn’t.

#3) With a trauma or crisis, a period of time is often needed to allow for emotional distancing and healing to occur, before victims are able or ready to experience humor. Look for cues and test their mood to check for “play-mode.” If your attempt to use humor fails, stop.

#4) Humor, perceived to be an attempt to discount, distract, or ignore a situation which is distressing to the person experiencing it, generally won’t be well received without acknowledging the situation first.

#5) Always acknowledge the true feelings with empathy before introducing humor. That must have been embarrassing. I bet you felt disappointed. I wish your day was going smoother.

#6) Begin by using self-effacing humor to poke fun at the “situation,” and not at the person. (Reminds me of a time when…..) Propose a different perspective – One day we’ll laugh about this. Would this be funny if it happened to someone else? What if…… happened instead?

#7) Suggest an activity involving humor, such as watching a comedy.

Seven Guidelines to Use Humor in Sensitive Situations

Seven Guidelines to Use Humor in Sensitive Situations

Lois McElravy, Lessons from Lois, works with individuals and organizations who want to learn how to effectively use humor, so they can handle the demands and pressures of work and home, maintain a flexible perspective, develop creative solutions, produce positive outcomes, and have more fun.

Learning to laugh and “hangin’ on with humor” rescued Lois from the distress and despair surrounding her daily life, and initiated her recovery from a brain injury. Her universal message offers hope, motivates participants to be faithful to do the small things, and conquer their challenges one day at a time.

?2006-2008 Lois McElravy, Lessons from Lois – Permission to reprint or repost this article is granted by notifying Lois McElravy, and including her name and contact information in the article.

Contact Lois to speak at your next event: info@lessonsfromlois.com , (406)251.2887 http://www.lessonsfromlois.com

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Cyber Law – FTC Guidelines Facts

July 26, 2012 By

Cyber Law – FTC Guidelines Facts

Like every other area of our lives, internet is changing as well. If you were able to write anything you wanted on your websites just few years ago, this is not the case anymore. Because government wants to protect consumers from dishonest business practice on the internet, FTC accepted some guidelines for bloggers and affiliate marketers.

Everything started because FTC was receiving many complaints from consumers because of false and misleading advertising of the Acai products. In addition to misleading advertising, FDA was angry because of rebills on customer credit cards.

In its simplest meaning, bloggers and affiliate marketers are obliged to disclose certain information on their web pages. The most important question is who needs to have a disclaimer on the website? FDA answer is simple – A disclaimer or disclosure must be present in case of sponsored communication between affiliate marketer (or blogger) and seller.

What in fact sponsored communication means is a rather complicated question, but FTC Guidelines have provided some basic explanation. Disclosure must be present only in case of material communication – material communication is present, if reviewer received any kind of consideration (cash, merchandise) in exchange for review. This simply means that if you have any benefits from the sale of product you are presenting on your websites, you must have a disclosure on your website which explains your connection with the producer or seller of the product.

FTC guidelines also impose liability on advertisers, advertising agencies and endorsers (including celebrity endorsers).

Another important thing besides the question whether you need a disclaimer or not is also where on your website should you have your disclaimer. The guidelines only say that disclaimer must be placed clearly and conspicuously. I suggest using common sense approach – put the disclaimer where your clients (visitors) can see it. There is no sense of hiding it from your customer, because you may be responsible for the damage caused to your client.

Are FTC Guidelines threat to the affiliates? Yes they are, but only to bad ones. If you are selling good product, the fact that you will get commission for every sale won’t turn away your client.

Cyber Law – FTC Guidelines Facts

Cyber Law - FTC Guidelines Facts

Mitch Palmer is the owner of slipcovers for couches website, specialized in recliner slipcovers.

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