A Look at Artificial Intelligence and Technology – Book Review

A Look at Artificial Intelligence and Technology – Book Review

It is fairly obvious that computers and artificial intelligence will run our world tomorrow, as we program these machines today. Interestingly enough, not long from now these AI machines will be programming themselves. How did we come so far so fast you ask? Well, maybe you need to do a little research for yourself.

If this topic interests you, then boy do I have a great book for you to read. It is a book that I own personally, and one I read a long time ago, but it still holds validity today, and many of the predictions of that past period, which is only two decades ago, although it seems like eons; the book is:

“The Connection Machine,” by W. Danny Hillis, MIT Press, MA, 1989, (208 pp), ISBN: 978-026258-0977.

This book is an extension of a highly controversial and ahead of its time MIT thesis by the same author. This book is not for the non-intellectual, and he gets pretty thick into the details and philosophy of parallel computing. This book was written well before massive Internet use, just as the computer technology in Silicon Valley was really taking off. Indeed, this is one of those books which was the prime mover of the time.

This is why I have it in my library, and why I recommend it to anyone who is into artificial intelligence, computer hardware, future software, or where we are go from here; why you ask – because if the past is any indication of the future, things are getting get pretty interesting in the next decade. In fact, I hope you will please consider this, and educate yourself a little in the past, so you can understand how far we’ve come, how fast we’ve come, and where we go from here. Think on it.

A Look at Artificial Intelligence and Technology – Book Review

A Look at Artificial Intelligence and Technology - Book Review

Lance Winslow is a retired Founder of a Nationwide Franchise Chain, and now runs the Online Think Tank. Lance Winslow believes in technology.

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Music & Intelligence: Will Listening to Music Make You Smarter?

Music & Intelligence: Will Listening to Music Make You Smarter?

Will listening to music make you smarter? Will learning to play a musical instrument make your brain grow larger than normal?

Questions like these ones have been popping up all over the place in the past few years, and not just in scientific journals either.

In recent times the media has been fascinated by the research surrounding brain development and music, eagerly reporting on the latest studies to the delight of the music-loving parents of young children.

But all this information – and some misinformation too – has led to generalized confusion about the role of music and music training in the development of the human brain. The bottom line is this: if you’re confused by all you read about music study and brain development, you’re certainly not alone.

In part, this is due to the manner in which the phrase “the Mozart Effect” has been popularized by the media and bandied about to describe any situation in which music has a positive effect on cognition or behavior.

In fact the Mozart Effect refers specifically to a 1993 research finding by Frances Rauscher, Gordon Shaw and Katherine Ky and published in the prestigious journal Nature. The scientists found that 36 college students who listened to 10 minutes of a Mozart sonata performed higher on a subsequent spatial-temporal task than after they listened to relaxation instructions or silence.

An enchanted media reported this interesting research as “Mozart makes you smarter” – a huge over-simplification of the original results.

As Rauscher explains in a later paper, the Mozart Effect was studied only in adults, lasted only for a few minutes and was found only for spatial temporal reasoning. Nevertheless, the finding has since launched an industry that includes books, CDs and websites claiming that listening to classical music can make children more intelligent.

The scientific controversy – not to mention the popular confusion – surrounding the Mozart Effect, has given rise to a corresponding perplexity for parents. They wonder: “Should my kids even bother with music education?”

In fact the answer to this question is still a resounding yes, since numerous research studies do prove that studying music contributes unequivocally to the positive development of the human brain. Other researchers have since replicated the original 1993 finding that listening to Mozart improves spatial reasoning. And further research by Rauscher and her colleagues in 1994 showed that after eight months of keyboard lessons, preschoolers demonstrated a 46% boost in their spatial reasoning IQ, a skill important for certain types of mathematical reasoning.

In particular, it is early music training that appears to most strengthen the connections between brain neurons and perhaps even leads to the establishment of new pathways. But research shows music training has more than a casual relationship to the long-term development of specific parts of the brain too.

In 1994 Discover magazine published an article which discussed research by Gottfried Schlaug, Herman Steinmetz and their colleagues at the University of Dusseldorf. The group compared magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the brains of 27 classically trained right-handed male piano or string players, with those of 27 right-handed male non-musicians.

Intriguingly, they found that in the musicians’ planum temporale – a brain structure associated with auditory processing – was bigger in the left hemisphere and smaller in the right than in the non-musicians. The musicians also had a thicker nerve-fiber tract between the hemisphere. The differences were especially striking among musicians who began training before the age of seven.

According to Shlaug, music study also promotes growth of the corpus callosum, a sort of bridge between the two hemispheres of the brain. He found that among musicians who started their training before the age of seven, the corpus callosum is 10-15% thicker than in non-musicians.

At the time, Schlaug and other researchers speculated that a larger corpus callosum might improve motor control by speeding up communication between the hemispheres.

Since then, a study by Dartmouth music psychologist Petr Janata published by Science in 2002, has confirmed that music prompts greater connectivity between the brains left and right hemisphere and between the areas responsible for emotion and memory, than does almost any other stimulus.

Janata led a team of scientists who reported some areas of the brain are 5% larger in expert musicians than they are in people with little or no musical training, and that the auditory cortex in professional musicians is 130% denser than in non-musicians. In fact, among musicians who began their musical studies in early childhood, the corpus callosum, a four-inch bundle of nerve fibers connecting the left and right sides of the brain, can be up to 15% larger.

While it is now clear from research studies that brain region connectivity and some types of spatial reasoning functionality is improved by music training, there is growing evidence that detailed and skilled motor movements are also enhanced.

Apparently the corpus callosum in musicians is essential for tasks such as finger coordination. Like a weight-lifter’s biceps, this portion of the brain enlarges to accommodate the increased labour assigned to it.

In a study conducted by Dr. Timo Krings and reported in Neuroscience Letters in 2000, pianists and non-musicians of the same age and sex were required to perform complex sequences of finger movements. The non-musicians were able to make the movements as correctly as the pianists, but less activity was detected in the pianists’ brains. The scientists concluded that compared to non-musicians, the brains of pianists are more efficient at making skilled movements.

The study of music definitely affects the human brain and its development, in a staggering number of ways. But what to make of all the research, especially in terms of deciding the best course of music study or appreciation for yourself or your offspring?

A 2000 article by N M Weinberger in MuSICA Research Notes makes the following excellent point: Although the Mozart Effect may not list up to the unjustified hopes of the public, it has brought widespread interest in music research to the public. And listening to ten minutes of Mozart could get someone interested in listening to more unfamiliar music, opening up new vistas.

Irregardless of the hype surrounding the Mozart Effect, the overall academic evidence for music study as a tool to aid brain development, is compelling.

At the University of California School of Medicine in San Francisco, Dr. Frank Wilson says his research shows instrumental practice enhances coordination, concentration and memory and also brings about the improvement of eyesight and hearing. His studies have shown that involvement in music connects and develops the motor systems of the brain, refining the entire neurological system in ways that cannot be done by any other activity. Dr. Wilson goes so far as to say he believes music instruction is actually ‘necessary’ for the total development of the brain.

So the bottom line is this: Music study and practice probably does aid in the development of the brain in various important ways. And after all, if you enjoy music, there is nothing to lose by trying, and everything to gain!

Music & Intelligence: Will Listening to Music Make You Smarter?

Music & Intelligence: Will Listening to Music Make You Smarter?

Duane Shinn is the author of over 500 music books and products such as DVD’s, CD’s, musical games for kids, chord charts, musical software, and piano lesson instructional courses for adults. He holds an advanced degree from Southern Oregon University and was the founder of Piano University in Southern Oregon. He can be reached at http://www.pianolessonsbyvideo.com. He is the author of the popular free 101-week e-mail newsletter titled “Amazing Secrets Of Piano Chords & Sizzling Chord Progressions” with over 55,000 current subscribers. Those interested may obtain a free subscription by going to http://www.playpiano.com/

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Positive Daily Affirmations are so vital to the sustainment of a positive mental attitude. Wise men know that their attitude is the compass that guides them because they understand emotional intelligence. Our emotions come from the thoughts that we have stored in our subconscious memory programs.

If this is so then positive daily affirmations would slowly but surely transform the spiritual heart into that which it is affirming on a daily basis. Like I said in words of affirmation, through teachings in school we have been conditioned to create problems for ourselves. This can be reversed if we fill our minds with abundant affirmations, peace affirmations, health affirmations and wealth affirmations.

The mind is like a garden and whatever you plant in it will grow. It is important that you plant seeds in a orderly fashion because you don’t want your plants to grow disorderly. Renew your minds daily with positive daily affirmations until it becomes implicit to think wealthy thoughts. Make it an implicit positive daily affirmation of peace and love. Just harmonize the word love in the back of your mind at feel how your body responds to the word love resonating in your spirit.

This is the power of affirmations on a highly emotional level. Whatever you believe to be is to be with all your heart mind and soul. The problem is people are a sleep at the wheel in their vehicle. We let our minds gain control over our consciousness and we fail to affirm daily positive affirmations. Take the time to look yourself in the mirror and speak into your existence.

List of Affirmations

I am at peace with being myself

I am grateful to be alive

I am that I will to be

I am a powerful conscious being

I am attracting abundance in my life

I have the power to change my life with my thoughts

I always seem to find the answers to my question

I am living a life full of joy and fun

I have all the reasons in the world to be glad to be alive

I always expect to get checks mailed to me

I see my self in so much wealth

I am a healthy being

I love positive daily affirmations

I love words of affirmations

I love abundance and financial freedom

My mind is powerful and powerful is my mind

I always get great ideas to come to me

I love my family and my family loves me

I am grateful to be alive

I am thankful for my heart beating with out me thinking about it

I can create a new mind for my self

I am not bound by the genes of my parents

I can create my own reality

I have free will to choose my desires in my life

I can choose my thoughts wisely

I can conquer my self

I can master my own emotions

My brain is the most amazing thing in my existence

I have GOD in me.

I have all the power in me I need.

I have the ability to renew my mind daily

I am a product of wealth and abundance

I attract money easily without even trying

Miracles happen to me everyday

I can create my day every day

I will create no problems for myself

Positive daily affirmations can change paradigms and belief systems. It can challenge any doubt or inferior thoughts with truth and conquer it with love and grace. Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind. Renew your mind daily by positively affirming your presence in consciousness. You can write into your dna whatever internal dialogue you paint on your insides. You actually are daily affirming something rather good or bad rather you know it or not everyday.

If you wake up and affirm your miserable job you are hardwiring your brain to experience more of the same miserable job everyday day in day out. If you have bills due and its the first thing on your mind when you wake and the last when you fall asleep you are affirming debt. If you think people are taking advantage of you everyday you are affirming the victim mentality. Like Henry ford said, “Rather you think you can or you think you can’t, your right.” Whatever you affirm is hardwired in your brain and the pattern can fire automatically. It has become an automatic function to respond however you have trained yourself to respond subconsciously.

Positive daily affirmations should be held in the mind at some degree almost consistently. You have to train your body and your mind by positive daily affirmations to be aligned with right action. If you want increase in your life you cannot affirm thoughts of lack, want and decrease. You have to move forward in your mind. You can only perceive what your brain is organized to tell you. Organize your brain with positive daily affirmations until it becomes a part of you. This is a world of abundance and the universe is expanding. More gold can be minded out of the ground. More creations can be created. More ideas can be born. More life can be expressed when we have affirmed more love.

You go from thinking like a millionaire on a regular basis to doing the things millionaires do to being a millionaire and it is done with the power of the winning millionaire mind.

http://www.winningmillionaire.com/

Millionaire affirmations are energy fields, that permeates and penetrates the cells of your body and attract money, money, and more money the more you affirm millionaire thinking. http://www.millionaireaffirmations.com/

When you search the Internet for information on how to create affirmations you find that there is an overwhelming predisposition to phrasing affirmations in the first person – that is using I, me, my, or mine in the affirmations.

There is a good reason for it. Traditionally, affirmations were used by people a narrow subset of the population – people in recovery, super salespeople, or elite athletes. The formula preached by the affirmation gurus who worked with these groups was to write your affirmations in the first-person and sit in front of the mirror (Stuart Smalley style) and repeat your affirmations until – by sheer will – you believed them.

No one can deny that many people used this technique to great effect. The fact is, however, that most people are too busy or find performing this ritual kind of cheesy. The parody created by the Stuart Smalley character on Saturday Night Live, in my opinion, only served to make affirmations “nerdy” and cause people who could use them to shy away.

Today people who want to change their habits, reshape their thinking, or condition their minds for success get their affirmations by listening. My own 15-plus year experiment with affirmations has found that repeated listening (both with intent and passively) is every bit as effective as the mirror talk.

Listening to affirmations provides the added benefit of being able to augment first-person affirmations with second-person affirmations – affirmations using you or your. The importance of adding ‘you’ to affirmations is that it allows you to tap into one of the greatest powers of affirmations – thought substitution. Thought substitution is a process by which you replace an existing negative thought or belief with a positive one. It is one of the most important benefits of using affirmations.

Most of the negative self-talk you seek to overcome with affirmations originated from outside of you. Other people planted the thoughts and you internalized them and made them part of your thinking. These thoughts are almost always phrased (even in your own mind) using ‘you’ because that is how you originally absorbed them.

For instance, your mother said, “You are so stupid,” when you were 10 years old. For whatever reason, you internalized that thought. Over the years, whenever you mess up you hear the phrase, “You are so stupid,” in your mind.

So, using this example, you create a first-person affirmation that says, “I am smart,” to counter the old thought. The affirmation will be somewhat effective in countering the old thought, but it will not replace it. Oddly enough, there is something about the thought substitution process that requires a one-for-one switch for maximum effectiveness.

The “I am smart” affirmation plays a role in affirming our own belief in our intelligence. However, the old thought, “You are so stupid,” is still floating around in your mind and you wind up with two conflicting beliefs.

What I have found resolves this situation is to complement the first-person affirmation with a second-person version that can – with repetition – actually replace the old thought. The most effective means is to listen to or repeat the affirmation in the first-person affirmation several times and follow it with the affirmation in the second-person several times.

The result is that you are simultaneously planting a new internal thought, “I am smart,” and replacing the old external thought with a substitute thought coming from the outside that confirms, “You are smart.”

Try adding the power of ‘you’ to your affirmations!

Ray Davis is a writer, poet, and thinker based in the American Midwest. His writing advocates the principles of personal freedom and spiritual development. He has developed B2B sales traning programs for a Fortune 40 company for nearly seven years. Prior to that he was a top producing sales rep for six years. He is the founder of The Affirmation Spot http://www.theaffirmationspot.com

He writes a near daily blog on positive thinking and motivation also called The Affirmation Spot at http://theaffirmationspot.wordpress.com

The New Age Thinking regarding the use of affirmations can be somewhat frivolous. The idea that you can simply think about or affirm what you want and then get it is decidedly absurd. Yet, there is no doubt that thinking is a formative force in the materialization and fabrication of our world view and the conditioned circumstances in which we exist. How we view the world, and ourselves, as we are in and of the world, determines how we act which in turn results in effects. Our current situation–all the conditions of our present life and the various contexts in which we find ourselves, is a direct result of our past, specifically how we have used language in describing ourselves, our capacities, abilities and goals all of which is a precursor for behavior which, again, is causative meaning it brings about effects.

Language is not only our tool for communication. It is also our tool for thought. We think in words as well as mental pictures. But, language is a rather crude instrument. In English, with a mere 26 letters, we codify and represent all our experience…and communicate that experience, as best we can, with language. How can 26 letters encompass not just decades but ages upon ages of experience?

Language is tricky…it’s not always easy to understand the true meaning of a word or phrase. For example “love” has many different shades of meaning. When we say we love that new restaurant down the street, is that the same as when we say we love our mother? And when we are told that we should love ourselves, what kind of love do we apply? The kind of love we have towards our pet? Our sibling? One of the most common New Age Affirmations is something along the lines of “I love myself.” What does that mean? Really? Do we love ourselves the way we love our spouse? The way we love our neighbor? We don’t do those very well, so how could we possible love ourselves any better?

Because thought, which uses language, is a formative force. Affirmations are important. What we say to ourselves, and how we say it, does have an impact upon our mind, our body and our behavior…which, being causative, brings about effects. It behooves us to consider the positive and accurate use of affirmations as part of mental health hygiene. Just as you brush your teeth twice a day, so taking a few minutes to use language and thought in such a purposeful way that the mind is imprinted with positive impressions, is healthy. And, just as toothbrushes come in different styles and choosing one that works well is a consideration, so too designing an effective and accurate affirmation takes some meditation.

There are some basic guidelines to the proper use of affirmations: relatively short, first person singular, realistic, and yet not necessarily a present reality, vividness and kinaesthetic intensity, which is feeling. An affirmation is generally no longer than a few sentences and mostly just one simple sentence. The most common beginning of the sentence is “I am” and this is actually a very good affirmation to start with. After you brush your teeth, look in the mirror and say to yourself “I am.” After you’ve done that for a couple of months consistently, you can add on to it. For example, “I Am Healthy.” Of course, exactly what “healthy” consists of is not detailed, nor should it be. The word “healthy” is associated with dozens, if not hundreds, of other words, phrases, images and feelings. It’s those associations that gives that word its meanings. As you say “I am healthy” the subconscious mind automatically conjures images of what that means. As you repeat that affirmation as if it is a mantra, the images and feelings become intensified. But, you ask, what if I am not healthy, as many people in fact are not. You can still affirm this statement. It is not a hope or a want, it can be a statement of fact…even though it may currently be a lie.

Many of the beliefs and world views we hold today were built up through repetitive use of affirmations…simple sentences…which were, at the time, untruths. But, having repeated them so often, in first person singular, with vividness and feeling, these simple statements which were not at the time realities, became so. For example, a child growing up and learning language might imitate their parent who might often say “I’m such a klutz.” The child begins to imitatively repeat this affirmation and, although not a reality at the time, can easily become one.

To affirm something in the present which is not currently a reality is not a lie. It is simply a conflict. The subjective reality of the affirmative statement, coupled with vividness and feeling, is in conflict with the objective reality of consensual agreement. As the new affirmative statements are repeated the conflict increases. During this period of conflict there may be very strong thoughts attempting to convince one that the objective consensual reality is “the truth.” By continuing on with daily affirmative statements the creative subconscious mind begins to work towards conflict resolution. One of the two “realities” must be dissolved. There is tremendous force and momentum behind the objective consensual reality. Yet with simple persistence, the new subjective affirmative reality which was in conflict with the objective consensual reality begins to take dominance. The objective consensual reality’s basis, which is nothing other than established internal, subjective, affirmative statements becomes less rigid…it begins to crack. It becomes subordinate, and diminishes, and eventually dissolves away. Objective indications of the new affirmative position begins to be noticed in the world of consensual agreement…a new personal reality begins to emerge which is also substantiated by growing objective consensual agreements.

So, you may currently be very unhealthy. That does not matter. You can still affirm “I Am Healthy.” Be warned however, that as the weeks and months pass, as the conflict between the objective consensual reality and the newly forming subjective affirmative statements increases, there may be tendencies to prove to yourself that you are unhealthy. These tendencies need not be acted upon and, like storm moving through the region, they too pass; and then you may find yourself engaging in behaviors which are more aligned with the newly forming subjective reality of being healthy. What these new behaviors are will vary from individual to individual. There is no prescription as to diet, exercise, etc. The behaviors arise from the subconscious mind which is now accepting the newly forming reality. Although some may argue that you must affirm specifics, this writer believes the more generic, the greater the chance of allowing the creative subconscious mind to organize and formulate the necessary components of that reality without undue influence from the conditioned conscious mind.

There are a number of simple, generic affirmations that can be practiced. For example, “I am competent,” “I am efficient,” I am relaxed,” are some very simple affirmative statements that if practiced regularly can impact the subconscious mind in such a way as to bring about behaviors that are in alignment with that affirmation. Here is a longer affirmation that can be useful to repeat upon awakening in the morning and upon retiring in the evening: “I am a unique person, wonderful in many ways. I am gifted with the freedom to make choices and the means to act. I live in a world of possibilities and respond with intelligence. I am alert to what is happening around me. I can communicate. I am able to reason and I can learn. I will often remember…I am a unique person, wonderful in many ways.”

Few would argue the formative power of thought. Every single tool in our culture, from a simple hammer to space shuttles was first a thought in the mind. And clearly language plays a critically important role in thinking. Sometimes crafting an appropriate and accurate affirmative statement requires some assistance by a psychological wordsmither. If you would like help in designing an individualized affirmation specific to your personal and private issues, you are welcome to contact me via my website at http://www.openmindcounseling.com . Also, at the bottom of the home page is an invitation to receive a free copy (.pdf file) of James Allen’s timeless self-improvement classic As A Man Thinketh.

Ken Fields is a nationally certified licensed mental health counselor. With over 25 years in the mental health field, he has worked as as an individual and family therapist throughout school districts and within communities, a crisis intervention counselor, a clinical supervisor and an administrator in a human service agency. He has taught classes in meditation, visualization, goal setting, self-image psychology, anger and stress management, negotiation, mediation and communication, crisis intervention, and parenting. Mr. Fields specializes in Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Family Systems Therapy and Communication Coaching. As a practicing counseling psychologist, Mr. Fields brings decades of specialized training and applied skills to his work. He now provides quality online counseling and can be found at http://www.openmindcounseling.com and http://www.kasamba.com/ken-fields

Artificial Intelligence and Human Recognition Mirroring Errors

Artificial Intelligence and Human Recognition Mirroring Errors

Today we are building robots and computers, which mirror humans and can interact with them. This works very well for many things and can assist humans in accepting their computer or robotic assistant counterparts. Unfortunately when computers attempt to decipher text and meaning and then correspond with humans, the mirroring does not always work.

If the robot or computer is using artificial intelligent software to communicate with a human and use mirroring techniques and scaling of escalation in the conversation, they often will not suffice in keeping the human’s interest for too long. Indeed a chimpanzee, dog or cat maybe willing to continue interaction, non-verbal communication or synthesize mimicking techniques for verbal communication; however for humans it cannot work for very long especially if the human is in search of enlightenment, rather than encyclopedia or dictionary definitional content.

In corresponding with artificial intelligence on a keyboard or through the Internet the human assumes that the entity on the other side is like them; that is to say an organic carbon based human biped. There comes a time when the human is skeptical of the information and correspondence coming from the other side of the screen, often the human will begin to assume that the information comes from an ignorant human or a lawyer’esque type human and thus does not appreciate the information for what it is; pure information mixed in with mirroring conversational composites of chit chat crap.

There are many types of software used today to help un-intelligent humans with correspondence, writing or even term papers, yet what you will find is this software does not work well when the human being used as the target subject actually knows a little about a lot of things or is intimately familiar with the subject matter. For instance in the case of the CIA or NSA trying to get information of profile a target; a professor grading a term paper or a reader of a news article. So often it is obvious that the what appears at first to be a dumb human bluffing or BS’ing their way through a subject matter or the software gives its self away by acting non-human and providing erroneous or irrelevant data to a conversation, story or paper. It maybe fanciful to a human to use a robotic or computer software enhanced correspondence mechanism to save time, do homework, save labor costs or taxpayers money. But if such an artificial intelligent system delivers garbage due to shoddy programming and less than intelligent people putting in the input, then it will not suffice or solve the problem of tricking the individual, enhancing readership or convincing anyone of anything.

So, we must remember that those who program these systems to interact with humans need to be as smart or smarter (artificially that is) than the human they are corresponding to, other wise the human feels that the discussion is irrelevant, rhetoric or simply mirroring semantics. If we are to build assistant robots, they must be careful with their interactions. Now, sometimes humans act in such was, yet when they do, don’t most people simply walk away, shaking their heads? If a human stops the correspondence then you have to start all over. If the human rejects the robotic assistant then you have wasted your money in that system. Sure you can say it is work in progress and call it development costs, but it is a useless hunk of junk you see? Likewise if a student uses a system for their work and if the professor of the homework assignment is unimpressed you get a lousy grade.

Right now this is what I am giving the artificial intelligence programmers right now. Y’all need to go back to the drawing board and do some more research on the human species within a society and study how they interact in groups, one on one and in the larger over all culture. It is not a one size fits all scenario and although it is indeed smart to try to keep it simple, there needs to be more overlay on the various types of people and smarter people doing the programming. Think on that

Artificial Intelligence and Human Recognition Mirroring Errors

Artificial Intelligence and Human Recognition Mirroring Errors

“Lance Winslow” – Online Think Tank forum board. If you have innovative thoughts and unique perspectives, come think with Lance; www.WorldThinkTank.net/. Lance is an online writer in retirement.

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What Is Difference Between Education (Formal/Non Formal) and Intelligence?

What Is Difference Between Education (Formal/Non Formal) and Intelligence?

The history of education is as early as the history of man’s in the grassland of eastern Africa, in the valleys in Ethiopia, when early man was passing knowledge, skills and attitude from older generation to the younger generation, even when they were roaming the grassland of Africa, that was the earliest form of education.

When cultures began to extend their knowledge beyond the basic skills of communicating, trading, gathering food, religious practices, etc., formal education and schooling, eventually followed. Schooling was in place in Egypt between 3000 and 500BC. And the oldest University in the world is the University of Kaureem, Morocco founded in1088

Adults trained the young of their society in the knowledge and skills they would need to master and eventually pass on. The evolution of culture, and human beings as a species depended on this practice of transmitting knowledge. In the early societies this was done orally and through imitation.

Story telling continued from one generation to the next. Oral language developed into written symbols and letters. The depth and breadth of knowledge that could be preserved and passed soon increased exponentially.

Formal education is any form of instruction or education provided by a recognized, structure institutions teaching courses or even at home, following a planned course of study. Most formal education is classroom-based, provided by trained or specialized instructors. As normally used, the term formal education refers to the structured educational system.

The term non-formal education is used to distinguish formal education from self-education obtained through personal experiences, life and general reading. In contrast, non-formal education refers to education that takes place outside of the formally organized schooling system. This type of education is called non-formal because; it is not compulsory and it does not lead to formal certifications and mostly acquired outside the so-called school structured system.

The word education is derived from educare (Latin) “bring up”, which is related to educere “bring out”, “bring forth what is within”, “bring out potential” and ducere, “to lead”

Education is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character or physical ability of an individual. In its technical sense, education is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills and values from one generation to another. The education training is chiefly from the old to the younger generation. Education helps you with your thought process and decision making abilities. Education gives you a solid foundation that you can build upon. Education is not just the piece of paper called diploma, they are those things you bump into during the process that enlightens your mind, which in turns tiger the intellect in you. That is the benefit of an educational process. The things you stumble into during the process.

Both formal and informal education settings offer different strengths to the education of the society at large. One of the dangers of formal education is that we are program to follow, instead of leading. Where the acquired education transfers to intelligence is when you create.

Intelligence on the other hand, is the ability to comprehend; the ability of the mind comprehending related abilities, such as the capacities for abstract thinking (Critical thinking), think rationally, thought, reasoning, planning and problem solving, to understand and profit from experience gathered. Inshore, intelligence is what you do with what you know to achieve the some form of goal.

You can go to all the finest schools, colleges and universities; you cannot get a diploma for intelligence. You develop intelligence, however, a solid education enhances your intelligence. Intelligence is like creativity, you have it or you don’t. You cannot teach creativity, you can only enhance it. Similarly, intelligence in an innate ability you have that can be enhanced with solid education.

As someone put it perfectly well, “Formal education makes you a living while self education, makes you a fortune”. That is what you call Intelligence.

What Is Difference Between Education (Formal/Non Formal) and Intelligence?

What Is Difference Between Education (Formal/Non Formal) and Intelligence?

Delson Adeoye, a seasoned lecturer that has appeared on television and radio discussing issues ranging from business to diversity. I am about to publish a book on Race Relations, title: Africans In America, Hear Our Stories.

Since 1985, Delson Adeoye has positioned himself as the bridge between the perceived and the realities of understanding people, race, culture and doing international business.

Delson Adeoye is a marketing guru with a mind of a strategist, with a great affinity for reading and writing. Take advantage of my talents and let me watch you grow.

Thank you for reading my article, click: The Works for a FREE POSTER!!!!!!!

Contents About : What Is Difference Between Education (Formal/Non Formal) and Intelligence?

Can positive affirmations speed up the Law of Attraction, allowing you to manifest your dreams, quicker than you thought possible?

Yes they can, but you need to understand how they work!

It has been a necessity as a child to develop, automatic and self rehearsed, subconscious behaviour patterns. This automatic response is essential for our survival, as we need to react quickly to situations that we face from day to day.

This subconscious ‘brain training’, gives us the instinct and ability to walk down the street, without having to employ each muscle individually by our conscious mind.

It gives us the ability to drive a car, to play an instrument, to juggle; in fact it gives us our human dexterity, our fine motor skills and allows us to multi task.

So What is an Affirmation?

An affirmation is every thought or word we say, whether to ourselves or out loud.

Some of these thoughts work with us, while other thoughts will work against us, stopping us from achieving our goals and desires.

Most people have been able to make bad use of negative beliefs or ‘Negative Self-Scripts’, and before we become positively affirming we need to learn about the effects of negativism in our lives.

What are Negative Self-Scripts

Negative Self-Scripts are ideas and beliefs about ourselves that are self-damaging, these are ideas about our own personality and ability that have we have passed to our subconscious, through bad or undesirable life experiences.

Negative Self-Scripts are negative beliefs you have about yourself, which you remind yourself daily by sprinkling your everyday conversation. Self-deprecating remarks, which influence your behaviour or beliefs.

These could include negative descriptions given to you by members of your family or peer group when you were younger, that you hold even to this day or possibly negative feedback you get from your spouse, boss, teacher, colleagues, children, parents, relatives, or others that you take personally, and incorporate into your personal belief system.

They could also be negative self-images you have of your body, looks, face, weight, colouring, hair, feet, or other parts of your body, or maybe negative assessment you or others have made of your skills, ability, knowledge, intelligence, creativity, or common sense. You have agreed with this internally and, thus, believe it true of you.

Negative Self-Scripts could include negative stories about your past behaviour, failures, or performances that you run over in your mind and influence your current conduct or maybe attitudes about the possibility of your achievement of success in your life.

Here are some other ways that Negative Self-Scripts can be shown;

Feelings of anger, resentment, hostility, rage or guilt

Negative prophecies that you or others have made about yourself, your future, your success, your relationships, your family, or your health

Ways in which you deny yourself rewards for your goodness, hard work and caring

Feelings of over-responsibility with which you burden yourself.

Dread and fear you have when facing your future; the belief that you do not have what it takes to survive or to be successful in whatever circumstances you face.

Feelings of failure you harbour about real or imagined mistakes in the past and your “assured” failures in the future.

Feelings of jealousy and inferiority.

What are Positive Affirmations?

Very simply, positive affirmations are short positive statements, designed to replace negative beliefs, with positive self-nurturing beliefs. Although the idea of the use of positive affirmation and meditation is often associated to some New Age “hocus pocus”, nothing could be farther from the truth.

These ideas are based on sound solid medical facts, and deal with the science of your mind and neural biology.

Positive affirmations are no mystery to you, in fact you have used them many times before.

Its that sentence you kept saying to yourself when you were learning to ride a bike, its your determination, do you think that you could ever have ridden down the street, if your thoughts and beliefs were, ‘I can not’.

A positive affirmations is every sentence that you have said to yourself in determination to succeed, always starting with ‘I will’ or ‘I can’.

Using Positive Affirmations

When you are writing positive affirmations it is important to structure each thought or statement as a ‘belief’. You must believe.

The bigger the gap between the perceived negative inner truth and the expressed positive affirmations, the more challenging, and possibly the more damaging, this exercise will be.

Therefore, start this exercise using small believable positive thoughts and statements and practise.

Any affirmation exercise would involve, repeating words of positive affirmations with passion and conviction and for as long as you do so, you will consistently breakdown your subconscious negative beliefs, no matter how ‘set in concrete’ they may seem.

If you are uncomfortable with positive affirmations and statements, take it down a step, listen to your emotions, far better to chip away in small steps, than fall at the foot of an ‘Everest’ of a negative, and undermine the whole process.

Similarly, if you are experiences a sense of exhilaration at an affirmation, you are responding in a way that ‘your mind knows this to be true’, it is working.

Starting this process is the first step, small steps are easier, but finishing each step is the key.

Charles Haanel, in his book The Master Key, tells us that one of the strongest positive affirmations you can use, to strengthen the will and realize your power to accomplish, is,

“I can be what I will to be.”

He tells us that,

“Every time you repeat this positive affirmation realize who and what this “I” is; try to come into a understanding of the true nature of the “I”; if you do, you will become invincible; that is, provided that your objects and purposes are constructive and are therefore in harmony with the creative principle of the Universe.”

We use the audio version of Haanel Master Key Book, in the Law-of-Attraction-Guide training programme, Unlock The Power of You,

Charles Haanel’s Law of Attraction Affirmation lessons tell us to “Hold in mind the condition desired and affirm it as an already existing fact”.

Although it is a far better exercise to write your own affirmations, by pinpointing your own negative self scripts and targeting changes that you would like to see in your life, a good source of pre-written positive affirmations can be taken from Ernest Holmes’s book The Science of Mind.

This book deals with the principles of Creation, God and the Law of Attraction and Holmes devotes a whole chapter, to the most comprehensive list of affirmations I have seen.

To read The Science of Mind, enroll at our training programme Unlock The Power of You.

If you have read Ernest Holmes list of positive affirmations, you will see that many affirmations reference God. Why?

I have written in many pages, about the connection between Spirituality and the Law of Attraction. I have also stated that one of the first self help books ever written, is the Old Testament.

To apply the Law of Attraction, we cover various methods, visualization, affirmations and meditations. We find these very same teachings in the Bible, visualizations and meditation in the form of prayer and The Bible is full of words of affirmation.

Affirmation Tools

The purpose of a positive affirmation is to change your negative self-script and of course there are many ways to help your mental retraining.

Traditionally you would repeat positive affirmation, to assert your desired belief and cancel your negative undesired belief, but of course there are ways to help this process along.

The positive affirmations exercise page has some great tips on using affirmation cards.

Vision Boards are great tools and can be made quite inexpensively, you can also get Affirmation Software for your computer, which is ideal for anyone who spends a lot of time in front of the screen.

There are also Affirmation MP3 and CD’s on the market that claim to be scientifically proven to train your brain to go into the ideal mental state for focused visualization, so you can harness the full power of The Law of Attraction.

John Peace is a Law of Attraction Practitioner and advises people on applying the Law of Attraction and mastering Cause and Effect principles. He also runs an training program called ‘Unlock The Power of You’.